It is not defined by institutions or rules; rather, it can infect all forms of government by replacing impersonal, formal lines of authority with personalized, informal ones. Based on individual loyalty and connections, and on rewarding friends and punishing enemies (real or perceived), it can be found not just in states but also among tribes, street gangs, and criminal organizations.
And America's Future Is Hungary, explaining how Viktor Orbán has ruined his country, and the American right is in love with him because if you have power, or just fantasize about having power, that's the most exciting way to fantasize about using it.
I'm still somewhat optimistic about America. We're finished as a global empire, and we will never return to the prosperity of the late 20th century. But we have a long tradition of being relatively democratic and respectful of the rule of law. Supposedly things go in cycles, and I'm pretty old and have not yet seen America move to the left on economic issues. It has to happen some time.
My own utopian vision, which has not yet been tried on a national level, but has worked well on the local level, is to absolutely guarantee basic dignified survival to every citizen, and then let the economy emerge from what each one of us chooses to do with that freedom. I think in the next hundred years, as growth ends and capitalism collapses, most of the countries of the world are going to have to choose one or the other: unconditional basic income, or mass extermination. Either way, you won't have to get a job.